https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.206

Instantaneous stroke risk assessment of adults in Enugu, South East Nigeria: results from a random point survey

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023)
Submitted: 18 May 2022
Accepted: 12 December 2022
Published: 11 September 2023
Stroke risk, adults, Enugu, South East Nigeria
Abstract Views: 134
PDF: 24
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Ijeoma B. Ndionuka
doctornath80@gmail.com
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Ikenna O. Onwuekwe
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Oluchi S. Ekenze
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Chidinma Orah
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-8981
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Victor Madu
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Chiamaka Okereke
Neurology Unit and Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Stroke remains a major cause of morbidity, death, and disability around the world, most especially in black Africans. Understanding the magnitude and appreciation of stroke risk in susceptible populations remains a key strategy in reducing stroke burden. This study examined and compared 5-year stroke risk in an adult population in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A point cross-sectional survey assessing stroke risk in adults was done in October 2019 in the city of Enugu as part of the World Stroke Day commemoration using the Stroke Riskometer app, and the data was analyzed. Ethical approval was obtained. The total number of participants in this survey was 117 traders in a market in the Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria. More males, 63%, than females, 37%, participated in this study. The total mean age was 47.50 years, with a total mean 5-year stroke risk of 3.93. Stroke risk was noted to be higher in females 4.56 than in males 3.56. Elevated blood pressure was present in 35% of the participants, and elevated blood glucose was seen in 5% of the total population. The World Stroke Organization’s Stroke Riskometer app is a valuable tool in assessing stroke risks especially in resource poor settings. This app also serves as a cost-effective method of conducting epidemiological research in stroke and other non-communicable diseases internationally. Hypertension remains the most common risk factor for stroke globally. Higher stroke risk in females likely associated with higher mean age.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Strong K, Mathers C, Bonita R. Preventing stroke: saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:182-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70031-5
Kontis V, Mathers CD, Rehm J, et al. Contribution of six risk factors to achieving the 25×25 non-communicable disease mortality reduction target: a modelling study. Lancet. 2014;384:427-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60616-4
Sacco RL, Smith SC, Holmes D, et al. Accelerating progress on non-communicable diseases. Lancet. 2013;382:e4-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61477-3
Feigin VL, Norrving B. A new paradigm for primary prevention strategy in people with elevated risk of stroke. Int J Stroke. 2014;9:624-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12300
Wahab KW. The burden of stroke in Nigeria. Int J Stroke. 2008;3:290-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00217.x
. Sanya EO, Desalu OO, Adepoju F, et al. Prevalence of stroke in three semi-urban communities in middle-belt region of Nigeria: a door to door survey. Pan African Medical Journal. 2015;20:33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.33.4594
Nigeria Population Census. 2006. Available from: https://nigeria.opendataforafrica.org/xspplpb/nigeria-census
Parmar P, Krishnamurthi R, Ikram MA, et al. The Stroke Riskometer TM app: validation of a data collection tool and stroke risk predictor. Int J Stroke. 2015;10:231-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12411
Feigin VL, Krishnamurthi R, Bhattacharjee R, et al. New strategy to reduce the global burden of stroke. Stroke. 2015;46:1740-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010084
World Stroke Organization. Stroke Riskometer. Available from: http://www.strokeriskometer.com/
O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. INTERSTROKE investigators. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2010;376:112-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3
Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2224-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8
Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, et al. Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013 and Stroke Experts Writing Group. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:913-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30073-4
American Stroke Association. Women have a higher risk of stroke. 2018. Available from: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-risk-factors/women-have-a-higher-risk-of-stroke
World Health Organization. Follow-up to the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. 2013. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/150161
Adeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, et al. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2015;33:230-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000413

How to Cite

Ndionuka, I. B., Onwuekwe, I. O., Ekenze, O. S., Ezeala-Adikaibe, B., Orah, C., Madu, V., & Okereke, C. (2023). Instantaneous stroke risk assessment of adults in Enugu, South East Nigeria: results from a random point survey. Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.206
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.