https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.307

Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase as an indicator of the quantity of callus formation in mandibular fracture patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023)
Submitted: 17 January 2023
Accepted: 20 March 2023
Published: 15 May 2023
mandible, fractures, bone-specific, alkaline, phosphatase, callus
Abstract Views: 246
PDF: 115
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Akinniyi Taofeek
drtaofeek17@gmail.com
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Fatusi Olawunmi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-1476
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Nigeria.
Adedeji Tewogbade
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-0852
Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Ayoola Oluwagbemiga
Radiology Department, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Akinyemi Patrick
Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Fajobi Olusola
Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

It is important to evaluate the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as it relates to the quantity of callus formed in mandibular fracture healing. The objective of the present study was to assess Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BsALP) as an indicator of callus formation in patients with mandibular fracture and determine the relationship between BsALP and callus formation using two treatment methods. Fifty-five patients with isolated mandibular fractures were enrolled. BsALP was measured at presentation, 3rd and 6th week. The patients were recruited into two treatment groups: Closed Reduction with Mandibulomaxillary Fixation (MMF) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF). The Callus Index was measured at 3rd and 6th week after treatment using digital postero-anterior view of the jaws on DICOM viewer software. The mean value of BsALP was 26.2±9.5 ng/mL. BsALP concentration in patients with double site fractures was higher than those with a single fracture, p=0.102. Peak serum BsALP observed in the 3rd week post-intervention was (28.1±8.2 ng/mL). Statistically significant differences were observed between the BsALP concentration in the 3rd and 6th week, and between BsALP concentration at presentation and 6th week, p<0.001, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the Callus Index and mean serum BsALP at 6 weeks (r=-0.08, p=0.580). MMF treatment group had higher levels of serum BsALP compared with ORIF group in the 3rd week (p=0.14) and in the 6th week (p=0.18). BsALP is an indicator of the amount of callus formed in patients treated for mandibular fractures. Hence, it could be used as an adjunct to monitor the healing of mandibular fractures.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Nguyen LT, Maidar O, Sharma AR, et al. Enhanced healing process of fracture by treatment of Kaempferol. Biomedical Research 2016;27:138-44.
Yoon B-H, Yu W. Clinical utility of biochemical marker of bone turnover: fracture risk prediction and bone healing. Journal of Bone Metabolism 2018;25:73-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2018.25.2.73
Sousa CP, Dias IR, Lopez-Pena M, et al. Bone turnover markers for early detection of fracture healing disturbances: A review of the scientific literature. An Acad Bras Cienc 2015;87:1049-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520150008
Manodh P, Shankar DP, Pradeep D, et al. Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma—a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients—an update. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016;20:377-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-016-0576-z
Posen S, Grunstein HS. Turnover rate of skeletal alkaline phosphatase in humans. Clinical Chemistry 1982;28:153-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/28.1.153
Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically oriented anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA; 2013. 1168 pp.
Ross P, Kress B, Parson R, et al. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and calcaneus bone density predict fractures: a prospective study. Osteoporosis International 2000;11:76-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980050009
Ushtan S, Lapovets LY, Akimova V, et al. Dynamics of the alkaline phosphathase bone isoenzym content in blood serum in patients with uncomplicated mandibular fractures. Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) 2018;2:50-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29256/v.02.01.2018.escbm21
Arya R, Antonisamy B, Kumar S. Sample size estimation in prevalence studies. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2012;79:1482-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0763-3
Kasiulevičius V, Šapoka V, Filipavičiūtė R. Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija. 2006;7:225-31.
Ogunmuyiwa SA, Gbolahan OO, Ayantunde AA, Odewabi AA. Patterns, severity, and management of maxillofacial injuries in a suburban south western Nigeria tertiary center. Nigerian Journal of Surgery. 2015;21:38-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1117-6806.152732
Eastaugh-Waring S, Joslin C, Hardy J, Cunningham J. Quantification of fracture healing from radiographs using the maximum callus index. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2009;467:1986-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0775-0
Marsh D. Concepts of fracture union, delayed union, and nonunion. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1998;355:22-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199810001-00004
Radabaugh JP, Horn AV, Chan SA, et al. Patient compliance following isolated mandibular fracture repair. The Laryngoscope 2017;127:230-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26556
Abiola AO, Ladi-Akinyemi TW, Oyeleye OA, et al. Knowledge and utilisation of National Health Insurance Scheme among adult patients attending a tertiary health facility in Lagos State, South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2019;11:e1-e7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.2018
Bhati S, Maheshwari R, Kakkar D. Evaluation of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels in isolated closed diaphyseal fractures of long bones in relation to fracture healing. International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences. 2018;4:643-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/ortho.2018.v4.i1j.91
Abe Y, Chiba M, Yaklai S, et al. Increase in bone metabolic markers and circulating osteoblast-lineage cells after orthognathic surgery. Scientific Reports. 2019;9:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56484-x
Ajai S, Sabir A, Mahdi A, Srivastava R. Evaluation of serum alkaline phosphatase as a biomarker of healing process progression of simple diaphyseal fractures in adult patients. Int Res J Biol Sci 2013;2:40-3.
Komnenou A, Karayannopoulou M, Polizopoulou ZS, et al. Correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity with the healing process of long bone fractures in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2005;34:35-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2005.tb00006.x
Laurer HL, Hagenbourger O, Quast S, et al. Sequential changes and pattern of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase after trauma. European Journal of Trauma 2000;26:33-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00002436
Bowles SA, Kurdy N, Davis AM, et al. Serum osteocalcin, total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase following isolated tibial shaft fracture. Ann Clin Biochem.1996;33:196-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000456329603300304
Liu SH, Yang R-S, Al-Shaikh R, Lane JM. Collagen in tendon, ligament, and bone healing: a current review. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1995;318:265-78.
Muljačić A, Poljak-Guberina R, Turčić J, et al. The Changes of Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BsALP) Associated With Callus Formation and Rate of Bone Healing. Croatica Chemica Acta 2010;83:315-21.
Alex MG. Fracture Healing Principles Applied to Rigid Fixation of the Craniomaxillofacial Skeleton. In: Alex MG, Joachim P (eds.), Craniomaxillofacial Fractures: Principle of Internal Fixation Using the AO/ASIF Technique. New York, USA: Springer; 1993. p. 33-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9287-3_4
Murao H, Yamamoto K, Matsuda S, Akiyama H. Periosteal cells are a major source of soft callus in bone fracture. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 2013;31:390-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0429-x

How to Cite

Taofeek, A., Olawunmi, F., Tewogbade, A., Oluwagbemiga, A., Patrick, A., & Olusola, F. (2023). Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase as an indicator of the quantity of callus formation in mandibular fracture patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.307
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.