https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.323

A nine-year facility-based review of the pattern and outcome of neonatal tetanus in Ondo State, Nigeria

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023)
Submitted: 20 March 2023
Accepted: 6 June 2023
Published: 26 July 2023
tetanus, cord care, anti-tetanus vaccination, spatial distribution
Abstract Views: 218
PDF: 71
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi
bankyfem@yahoo.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-6577
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Nigeria.

Tetanus is an infection caused by the Clostridium tetani; a ubiquitous Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming, and toxin-producing anaerobe. It is the only vaccine-preventable infection that is not communicable and which is still causing regrettable morbidity and mortality in newborns in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review the pattern of neonatal tetanus infection and to document its outcome in a secondary health care level in South-west Nigeria. This was a hospital-based prospective study. Questionnaires were also administered to collect information from the parents. Out of a total of 4,277 out-born babies, 23 had Neonatal Tetanus (NNT). The mean incubation period was 6.62±2.2 days; the period of onset was less than 24 hours in 9 (39.1%) of the babies and greater than 24 hours in 14 (60.9%) babies. Four babies (17.4%) died, 4 (17.4%) left against medical advice, and the mean age at death was 11.7±3.5 days. Other clinical records showed that 56.5% of mothers did not receive antenatal care or tetanus toxoid, 65.2% had non-hospital deliveries, cord care was sub-optimal in the majority of cases, and the case fatality ratio was 17.4%. The study reveals that NNT still contributes to morbidities and mortalities among Nigerian neonates. The incidence per year, though, waxes and wanes with no particular pattern; the disease still has the tendency to dip the neonatal indices.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Azubuike JC, Nkanginieme KEO. Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region. 1999. African Educational Services, Ilupeju, Nigeria. 594 pp.
Adeyemo FO, Abioye TA, Felicia AE, Usunobun A. Incidence of neonatal tetanus in a Nigerian State Hospital, Benin, Nigeria. J Health Res Rev 2016;3:102-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193187
Oruamabo RS. Neonatal tetanus in Nigeria: does it still pose a major threat to neonatal survival? Arch. Dis Child 2007;92:9–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.102087
World Health Organization. 2021. Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination. Available from: https://www.who.int/initiatives/maternal-and-neonatal-tetanus-elimination-(mnte)
Okike CO, Muoneke UV, Uwaezuoke SN, et al. The Prevalence and Case-Fatality Rates of Post-Neonatal Tetanus in a Population of Hospitalized Nigerian Children: An 8-Year Retrospective Review. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2020;66:201-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz054
Majiyagbe OO, Akintan PE, Ezenwa BN, et al. NEONATAL TETANUS IN NIGERIA: A call to speed up elimination strategies. Jos Journal of Medicine 2021;12:71-5.
Ogunlesi TA, Dedeke IOF, Kuponiyi OT. Socio-Economic Classification of Children attending specialist Paediatric centres in Ogun State Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practitioner 2008;54:21-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/nmp.v54i1.28943
Aliyu AA, Abdulkadir I, Amadu L, Dahiru TA. 14 year review of neonatal tetanus at
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northwest Nigeria. J. Public
Health Epidemiol 2017;9:99–105.
Akani A, Nte AR, Oruamabo RS. Neonatal tetanus in Nigeria: one social scourge too
many! Niger J Paediatr 2004;31:1-9.
Fetuga BM, Ogunlesi TA, Adekanmbi FA. Risk factors for mortality in neonatal tetanus: a 15-year experience in Sagamu, Nigeria. World J Pediatr 2010;6:71-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-010-0010-9
Ogundare EO, Ajite AB, Adeniyi AT, et al. A ten-year review of neonatal tetanus cases managed at a tertiary health facility in a resource poor setting: The trend, management challenges and outcome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021;7:15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010010
Alhaji MA, Bello MA, Elechi HA, et al. A review of
neonatal tetanus in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-eastern Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2013;54:398-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2012.12.003
Aliyu AA, Abdulkadir I, Amadu L, Dahiru T. A 14 year review of neonatal tetanus at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northwest Nigeria. J. Public Health Epidemiol 2017;9:99-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPHE2016.0882
World Health Organization. 2020. Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination report. Available from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/sustaining-maternal-and-neonatal-tetanus-elimination/maternal-and-neonatal-tetanus-elimination
Pan American Health Organization. Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Field Guide. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/neonatal-tetanus-elimination-field-guide-2nd-edition
Oluwafemi RO, Opara PI. Factors influencing Immunization Schedule Compliance in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Annal of Biomed Sci 2019;18:54-63.
Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, et al. Global, Regional and National causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis-The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF. Lancet 2010;375:1969-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60549-1
Thwaites CL, NJ Beeching, CR Newton. Maternal and neonatal tetanus. Lancet 2014;385:662-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60236-1

How to Cite

Oluwafemi, R. O. (2023). A nine-year facility-based review of the pattern and outcome of neonatal tetanus in Ondo State, Nigeria. Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.323
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.