Pediatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case series and review

Published: 23 October 2023
Abstract Views: 167
PDF: 107
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Significant upper gastrointestinal bleedings are uncommon in children and potentially life-threatening. The etiology varies from one pediatric age group to the other, with some overlaps, and the presentation is usually in the form of hematemesis and or passage of melena stools. The key priorities in the assessment are to determine the severity of bleeding, degree of systemic upset, the site and cause, to enable application of adequate treatment protocols. However, wide gaps still exist in our setting with regard to the care of children with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We present three cases managed in our center that highlight available treatments that work to sensitize our pediatricians to current treatment modalities.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Owensby S, Taylor K, Wilkins T. Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2015;28:134-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2015.01.140153
Nasher O, Devadason D, Stewart RJ. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: a tertiary United Kingdom children’s hospital experience. Children 2017;4:95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children4110095
Colle I, Wilmer A, Le Moine O, et al. Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding management: Belgian guidelines for adults and children. Acta Gastrointestinal Belg 2011;74:45-66.
Sahn B, Mamula P, Friedlander J. Gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Wyllie R, Hyams J, Kay M (eds). Pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease. 5th edition. Elsevier, New York, USA. 2016. 1216 pp.
Chawla S, Seth D, Mahajan P, Kamat D. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Clin Pediatr 2007;46:16-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1084713806297151
Solgun HA, Uysalot EP, Bayram C, et al. Neonatal portal vein thrombosis risk factors, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and review of the literature. Thromb J 2023;21:62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-023-00508-0
Dolatkhah R, Khoshbaten M, Asvadi Kermani I, et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleedings in patients with hereditary coagulation disorders in northwest of Iran: prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;23:1172-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834b0e7a
Goncalves ME, Cardoso SR, Maksoud JG. Prophylactic sclerotherapy in children with esophageal varices: Long term results of a controlled prospective randomized trial. J. Pediatr Surg 2000;139:1952-60.
Lirio RA. Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: variceal and non-variceal. Gastrointest Endosc Clin Am 2016;26:63-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2015.09.003
Boyle JT. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children. Pediatr Rev 2008;29:39-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.29.2.39
Romano C, Oliva S, Martellossi S, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding: perspectives from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology. World J. Gastroenterol 2017;23:1328-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1328
Beattie M, Dhawan A, Puntis JWL. Gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Oxford specialist handbook of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2018. 672 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.001.0001
Alatise O, Aderibigbe AS, Adisa AO, et al. Management of overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a low resource setting: a real world report from Nigeria. BMC Gastroenterol 2014;14:210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-014-0210-1
Yahya H, Umar H, Shekari BT, Sani K. Endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary hospital in Kaduna, North-West Nigeria: Experience and findings. Ann Afr Med 2022;21:262-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_64_21
Adeniyi OF, Lesi OA, Odeghe EA, et al. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children: the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Experience. S. Afr J. Child 2016;10:207-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJCH.2016.v10i4.1116
Fox VL. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy and childhood. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000;29:37-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70107-2
Singhi S, Jain P, Jayashree M, Lal S. Approach to a child with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Indian J. Pediatr 2013;80:326-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-0987-x
Kim SY, Hyun JJ, Jung SW, Lee SW. Management of non- variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Endosc 2012;45:220-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.3.220
Olsen KM. Use of acid- suppression therapy for treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2005;62:S18-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/62.10_Supplement_2.S18
Poddar U. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to upper GI bleeding. Paediatr Int. Child Health 2019;39:18-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2018.1500226
Samanta T, Purkait R, Sarkar M, et al. Effectiveness of beta-blockers in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children with portal hypertension. Trop. Gastroenterol 2011;32:299-303.
Pimenta JR, Ferreira AR, Bittencourt PFS, et al. Evaluation of primary prophylaxis with propranolol and elastic band ligation in variceal bleeding in cirrhotic children and adolescents. Arq Gastroenterol 2016;53:257-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-28032016000400009
Ebel NH, Horslen SP. In: Kelly DA, editor. Diseases of the liver and biliary system in children. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., London, United Kingdom. 2017. 648 pp.
Gharehbaghi MM, Nemati M, Hosseinpour SS, et al. Umbilical vascular catheter associated portal vein thrombosis by ultrasound. Indian J. Pediatr 2011;78:161-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-010-0223-x
Franke M, GeiB A, Greiner P, et al. The role of endoscopy in pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding. Endosc Int Open 2016;4:E1011-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-109264
Huber S, Bruns CJ, Schmid G, et al. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin impedes lymphangiogenesis. Kidney Int 2007;71:771-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002112
Duong JT, Geddis A, Carlberg K, et al. Sirolimus for management of GI bleeding in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: A case series. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022;69:e29970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.29970
Mullarkey M, Wilcox CM, Edwards AL. Factitious gastrointestinal bleeding: a case series and review. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 202;362:516-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.004

How to Cite

Eke, C. B., Onyia, J. O. T., & Eke, A. L. (2023). Pediatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case series and review. Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.380