https://doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2020.103

The prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kano, Nigeria

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020)
Published: September 4, 2020
Human immunodeficiency virus, highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART-naive, Dyslipidaemia
Abstract Views: 75
PDF: 29
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Oiza Ozioroko Aliu-Isah
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Fatima Hassan-Hanga
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Isah Adagiri Yahaya
Isah.yahaya@npmcn.edu.ng
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-0878
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Oyeku Akibu Oyelami
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Henry Abiodun Aikhionbare
Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Prolonged administration of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) is associated with metabolic side effects, especially dyslipidaemia, with potential increase in the risk of development of cardiovascular disease as the affected children mature into adulthood. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia among HIV infected children aged 2-15 years. The study was a comparative study conducted on children aged 2- 15 years attending the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Study subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recrutited using systematic sampling technique. Serum lipid profile parameters were measured on blood samples from eighty HIV-infected children on HAART and eighty HIV-infected HAART naive children as patients and controls respectively. Data was analysed using the SPSS software for Windows version16.0. P-values of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia in HIVinfected children on HAART was 62.5% (95% CI: 51.8% - 73.1%), while 52.5% (95% CI: 41.5% - 63.4%) of the HIV- infected HAART naive children also had dyslipidaemia. The risk factors associated with hypercholesterolaemia were: age at commencement of HAART less than 2 years (P<0.048; Adjusted Odds Ratio,OR, of 0.38, 95% CI:0.13-1.08) and PI- based HAART regimen (P<0.001; OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49), while age group greater than 5 years (P<0.02; OR=2.78 (95% CI:0.76-10.23), duration of HIV diagnosis greater than one year (P<0.02 fisher’s exact) and duration of treatment on HAART for more than one year (P<0.04; OR=2.32, 95% CI:0.14-38.99) were the risk factors associated with hypertriglyceridaemia among the HIV infected children on HAART. However, on multivariate analysis, PI-based HAART regimen was the only independent predictor of hypercholesterolaemia in the HAART treated children (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49). Duration of diagnosis greater than 1 year was associated with hypercholesterolaemia in HAART naïve HIV-infected children (P=0.05). The most common dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected children on HAART was hypertriglyceridaemia followed by hypercholesterolaemia while low HDL-cholesterol was the commonest lipid abnormality in the HIV-infected HAART naive children.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Vigano N, Cerini C, Pattarino G, et al. Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected paediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2010;9:431-45.
Carr A, Cooper DA. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 2000;356:1423-30.
Herman JS, Easterbrook PJ. The metabolic toxicities of antiretroviral therapy. INT J STD AIDS 2001;9:555-62.
Lainka E, Oezbek S, Falck M, et al. Marked dyslipidaemia in human immunodeficiency virus infected children on protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy. Paediatr 2002;110:e56 DOI:10.1542/peds.110.5.e56. Assessed March 2016.
Barlow-Mosha L, Eckard AR, McComsey GA, et al. Metabolic complications and treatment of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents. J Int AIDS Soc 2013;16:18600.
McComsey GA, Leonard E. Metabolic complications of HIV therapy in children. AIDS 2004;18:13.
Oyedeji GA. The present day epidemiology of severe protein energy malnutrition in Nigeria. Clin Paediatr 1984;23:623-28.
Allan CC, Poon LS, Chen CSG. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 1974;20: 470-77.
McGowan MW, Artiss JD, Standberg DR. A peroxidase-coupled method for colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem 1983;29:583-542.
Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-503.
Rasheed S, Yan JS, Lau A, et al. HIV replication enhances production of free fatty acids, low density lipoprotein and many key proteins involved in lipid metabolism a proteonomic study. PloS ONE 2008;3:e3003.
Hellerstein MK, Grunfeld C, Wu K, et al. Increased de-novo hepatic lipogenesis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. JCEM 1993;76:559-65.
Leonard EG, McComsey GA. Metabolic complications of antiretroviral therapy in children. Paediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:77-84.
Awah FM, Agughasi O. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on lipid profile in a human immunodeficiency virus infected population. Afr J Biochem Res 2011;5:282-86.
Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F. Hyperlipidaemia in patients with HIV-1 infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J Antimicrobial Agents 2003;22:89-9.
Vigano A, Thorne C, Brambilla P, et al. European Paediatric Lipodystrophy Group. Antiretroviral therapy, fat redistribution and hyperlipidaemia in HIV-infected children in Europe. AIDS 2004;18:1443-51
Farley J, Gona P, Crain M, et al. Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and associated risk factors among perinatally HIV- infected children(4-19years) in PACTG 219. 10th conference of retroviruses and opportunistic infections. Boston MA. USA. 2003.
Amaya RA, Kozinetz CA, McMeans A. Lipodystrophy syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children. Paediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:405-10.
Piloya T, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Kamya MR. Lipodystrophy among HIV-infected children and adolescents on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Uganda; a cross sectional study. J Int AIDS Soc 2012;15:17427.
Jisun OH, Hegele RA. HIV-associated dyslipidaemia: pathogenesis and treatment. LANINF 2007;12:787-96.
Chantry CJ, Hughes MD, Alvero C, et al. Lipid and glucose alterations in HIV- infected children beginning or changing antiretroviral therapy. Paediatr 2008; 122:129-38.
Kanjanavanit S, Puthanakit T, Vibol U, et al. High prevalence of lipid abnormalities among antiretroviral naive HIV- infected Asian children with mild to moderate immunosuppression. Antivir Ther 2011; 16: 1351-355.
Brewinski M, Megazzini K, Hance LF, et al. Dyslipidaemia in a cohort of HIV- infected Latin American children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Trop Paediatr 2011;57:324-32
Wynder EL, Williams CL, Laakso K, Levenstein M. Screening for risk factors for chronic disease in children from fifteen countries. Preventive Medicine 1981;10:121-32.

How to Cite

Aliu-Isah, O. O. ., Hassan-Hanga, F. ., Yahaya, I. A., Oyelami, O. A. ., & Aikhionbare, H. A. (2020). The prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kano, Nigeria. Annals of African Medical Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2020.103

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.