https://doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2020.129

Retrospective trend analysis of HIV viral load suppression among antiretroviral therapy clients in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020)
Published: February 24, 2021
Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), HIV Viral load suppression (VLS), Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Abstract Views: 30
PDF: 9
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

  • Zainab Gambo Ibrahim • zynabib@gmail.com Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Aliyu Maigoro Ministry of Health, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Kabiru Sabitu Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Saminu Abdu Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Sabi’u Abdu Gwalabe Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Abdul Mohammed Danladi Bauchi State Agency for the Control of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Malaria, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Yusuf Bara Jibrin Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Sani Muhammad Dambam Bauchi State Agency for the Control of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Malaria, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Shehu Yakubu Magaji Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Yusuf Abdu Misau Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Saba’atu Elizabeth Danladi Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
  • Rilwanu Mohammed Ministry of Health, Bauchi, Nigeria.

The negative effects of HIV have affected all spheres of public lives such as individual health, economy and the employment opportunity globally. The most common way to tackle the disease is the use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), this has proved to be an effective way to manage HIV worldwide. The use of ART has substantially suppressed the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viral Load (VL) and reduced the risk of HIV infection. This study evaluates the trends analysis of HIV Viral load suppression among ART Clients in Bauchi State Nigeria for the year 2017. The study used 18 healthcare facilities providing Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Bauchi State. The population comprises all people living with HIV/AIDS who are residents in the study area of the 18 healthcare facilities and a convenient sampling method were used. The study found that highest number of viral load suppression existed in Toro General Hospital, even though all the sample health facilities considered in the study recorded viral load suppression. The study also tested for percentage proportion of TB/HIV coinfection among people on ART with suppressed viral loads (1000c/mL) and found that in all the 18 healthcare facilities except Jama’are General Hospital, presumptive TB/HIV co-infection recorded higher proportion compare to active TB/HIV co-infection among people on ART with suppressed viral loads (1000c/mL). The study recommends that for UNAIDS target of 90-90-90 to be achieved to help end the HIV epidemics, aggressive strategies should be put in place to improve adherence to ART by patients and access to viral load monitoring should also be improved in order to detect the patients with risk of HIV.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA). Global AIDS Response Country Progress Report (GARPR). Abuja: NACA, Strategic Knowledge Management Department; 2012
Udeze AOI, Olaleye DO, Odaibo GN. Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 isolates from patients on first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South-eastern Nigeria. PLoS ONE 2020;15:12
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA). Nigeria UNGASS Report. In: Strategic planning and research, editor. Abuja: NACA; 2007: p. 20.
WHO. Global Update on HIV Treatment 2013: Results, Impact and Opportunities. Geneva: WHO; 2013. Accessed: 2014 April 7. Available from: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/progressreports/update2013/en/
Landis RC, Branch-Beckles SL, Crichlow S, Hambleton IR, Best A. Ten year trends in community HIV viral load in Barbados: implications for treatment as prevention. PLoS One 2013;8:e58590.
Hammer SM, Squires KE, Hughes MD, et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. N Engl J Med 1997;337:725–33.
Gulick RM, Mellors JW, Havlir D, et al. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1997;337:734–9.
Cohen C, Sun E, Cameron W, et al. Ritonavir–saquinavir combination treatment in HIV-infected patients. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. New Orleans, September 1996 [abstract LB7b].
Imaz A, Olmo M, Penaranda M, et al. Short-term and long-term clinical and immunological consequences of stopping antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with preserved immune function. Antiviral Ther 2013;18:125-30.
Ugbena R, Aberle-Grasse J, Diallo K, et al. Virological response and HIV drug resistance 12 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation at 2 clinics in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis 2012;2:55-70.
Sheri AL, Alyssa CM, Adrian P, et al. The role of drug resistance in poor viral suppression in rural South Africa: findings from a population-based study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2020;20:248.
Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet 2009;373:48–57.
UNAIDS. AIDS by the numbers 2015. Avaialble from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/AIDS_by_the_numbers_2015_en.pdf
WHO. Global update on the Health sector response to HIV, 2014. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128494/1/9789241507585_eng.pdf
Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. 2011.
Stadeli KM, Richman DD. Rates of emergence of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings: a systematic review. Antiviral Therapy 2012;18:115–23
Powers KA, Ghani AC, Miller WC, et al. The role of acute and early HIV infection in the spread of HIV and implications for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modelling study. Lancet 2011;378:256–68.
Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet 2009;373:48–57.
Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, et al. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:793–800.
Rodger A, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in Serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Partner Study J 2016;16:171–81.
O’Connor J, Smith C, Lampe FC, et al. Durability of viral suppression with first-line antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV in the UK: An observational cohort study. Lancet HIV J 2017;4:295-302.
De Ruggiero A, Spiegelaere W, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al. During Stably Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Integrated HIV-1 DNA Load in Peripheral Blood is Associated with the Frequency of CD8 Cells Expressing HLA-DR/DP/DQ. EBio Med J 2015;2:1153-9.
Ribaudo HJ, Smith KY, Robbins GK, et al. Racial differences in response to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: An AIDS clinical trials group (ACTG) study analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:1607–17.
Taieb F, Madec Y, Cournil A, Delaporte E. Virological success after 12 and 24 months of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: Comparing results of trials, cohorts and cross-sectional studies using a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017;12:e0174767.
Mugavero MJ, Amico KR, Westfall AO, et al. Early Retention in HIV Care and Viral Load Suppression: Implications for a Test and Treat Approach to HIV Prevention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;59:86–93

How to Cite

Ibrahim, . Z. G., Maigoro, A., Sabitu, K., Abdu, S., Gwalabe, S. A., Danladi, A. M., … Mohammed, R. (2021). Retrospective trend analysis of HIV viral load suppression among antiretroviral therapy clients in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Annals of African Medical Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2020.129

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.